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      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>CABLE ST MURAL: The Cable Street Mural is a large commemorative artwork painted onto the west wall of St George's Town Hall. The mural recreates scenes from the 1936 Battle of Cable Street. On 4th October 1936, the leader of the British Union of Fascists, Oswald Mosely, attempted to march fascists through Cable Street, home to a largely Jewish population. An estimated 250,000 people rallied against Mosely's Black Shirts, including Jewish residents, Irish dockers and railway workers. Adopting the slogan 'they shall not pass', protestors threw milk bottles, kitchen utensils and the contents of chamber pots at the police. In 2021, residents and leaders from Tower Hamlets gathered at the mural for the 85th anniversary of the Battle of Cable Street.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>CLUB RIO CAFE: Club Rio Café at 9 Ensign Street was a Somali-run café run in the 1950s by Mokter Miah, and in the 1960s by Omar Haji Ahmed and Eva Gertrude Ahmed on the site of the Royal Standard pub. The Rio (or Riyo), which means 'dream' in Somali, was typical of many Somali, and Bengali cafes created for sailors from Bengal, Indonesia, Malta, and Somalia. Somali and Caribbean Clubs, lodgings and cafes appeared at the western end of Cable Street forming a growing community. Tofazzul Ali ran 20 Wellclose Square as a lodging house for Bengali seamen in the 1950s, and Abdi Warsama Shirreh had a hostel and dining rooms from 1955 for Somali seamen at 25—27 Ensign Street. Another café at 7 Ensign Street was run by Mohammed Hassan in the 1950s, and Mehmet Salih had dining rooms at what was then 14 Cable Street. Cafes, clubs and lodgings formed part of a hospitality and community infrastructure built up by migrants partly because of the racism of white cafes and lodgings. Club Rio Café has been described as 'one of the most iconic Somali cultural institutions in Britain. It was pure sauce and Somalinimo'. Some suggest that the cover of Bob Dylan's album Rough and Rowdy Ways depicts Club Rio Café in the 1960s.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>SAILORS' HOME NOW WOMAT'S CITY HOSTEL: The first hostel on this site – Sailor's Home - was opened in May 1835 to provide short stays for sailors. Initially the annual number of boarders was 528 and rose to 8,617 in 1861. By 1919 639,005 sailors had stayed at the home, around half were English and many of the rest from regions that reflected the colonial reach of Britain during that time: Mauritius, West Africa, West Indies, East Indies, and China. The first floor housed a dining and reading hall. One 1874 visitor was served 'four meals a day, ale being served at midday and in the evening' and one sailor declared that 'the victuals is of the best'. Today, Wombat's City Hostel sits on the site, still hosting visitors from around the world with its bar revealing some of the building's history.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6371f9b2eac48a12ff6f3ee9/e14079a2-281c-41d9-9800-1fa4eb83722b/STOP+5.+WILTONS+MUSIC+HALL.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>WILTON'S MUSIC HALL: Wilton's Music Hall was constructed by John Wilton in 1859 from five houses in Grace's Alley. In 1888 Wilton's was bought by the East London Methodist Mission who renamed the building 'The Mahogany Bar Mission' and provided support for the poor. During the Great Dock Strike of 1889, a soup kitchen was set up at The Mahogany Bar, feeding a thousand meals a day to the starving dockers' families. There are reports that it provided a refreshment station for protesters in the Battle of Cable Street. Wilton's was granted Grade Il listed status in the 1970s and reopened as a performance venue in 1997. Today, the hall is the world's oldest surviving venue of its kind.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>SUGAR BAKERS OF WELLCLOSE SQUARE: In the 1720s, at least 8 sugar refiners or houses operated around Wellclose Square. Sugar refineries were created by Dutch and then German migrants. Sugar baking, as it was called, was very dangerous work. The sugar bakers boiled sugar cane in huge vats on open flames and then poured it into moulds to make sugar loaves. Many sugar bakers were badly injured or killed. Due to enslavement, colonialism and sugar plantations, Britain consumed vast amounts of sugar. In 1780, No. 48 was a seven-storey gable-fronted sugarhouse which later became George Whybrow's pickle factory in the 1870s, after sugar refining finished. The pickle factory manufactured pickles, sauces, bottled fruits and other goods, and imported capers, salad oil and castor oil and exported to the colonies.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6371f9b2eac48a12ff6f3ee9/673682f9-1ca9-4904-b350-ae691337a15c/STOP+7.+SWEDENBORG+GARDENS.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>SWEDENBORG GARDENS &amp; ORCHARD: Swedenborg Orchard is situated near Swedenborg Gardens. The gardens are named after Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), a Swedish philosopher and theologian who lived in London's Prince's Square, later renamed as Swedenborg Square in 1939, and was buried in the gardens. The site has undergone various changes since the 1960s, including the removal of the original buildings. The Square was the site of the last dairy in Tower Hamlets, first established by a Welshman in the 1900s and then taken over by David Carson in 1924. The Carsons had a shop and a cowshed in the Square which even managed to survive the war, although with fewer cows, until 1954 when they were forced to close the dairy. The orchard was first proposed in 2014 and volunteers worked with the charity Trees for City to plant around 50 fruit trees. Today, local residents enjoy the community orchard and grow a variety of plants from coriander and kodu to strawberries. Fruit trees flourish, insects visit the bug hotel, and residents participate in hot composting and the wormery.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>WATNEY MARKET: Watney market is an outdoor street market specialising in Bangladeshi fruit, vegetables, fish, and clothing alongside Bangladeshi cafes, fishmongers and grocers, an Iceland and even a Wimpy. The market has a long history reflecting patterns of Jewish and Bengali migration. In 1881, at the southern end of Watney Street, John James Sainsbury of the present-day Sainsbury's chain launched a new shop at 68 Watney Street, selling cheese and salt bacon to dockers. It's not just men who have run stalls, for over 100 years women have worked in the market. In the early 20th century, people from the local community — often Jewish and Irish — flocked to inspect the 'barrows laden with fish, vegetables, and other articles of food, cheap second-hand furniture, old iron, rabbit skins, and many articles besides' in over 100 shops and 100 stalls that were regularly on the street (Williams 1895 cited in King's College London, 2021). Watney Street was bombed during the Blitz and virtually razed to the ground but rebuilt in 1977. Today the transnational food economy is the epicentre of the local community's food lives especially in Chapman Street with its cornucopia of vegetable and fruit, grocery, and fish bazaars.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>BATGERS CONFECTIONERY FACTORY: Batger and Co was an East End confectionery manufacturer founded by Elizabeth Batger, from a family of sugar refiners in 1748. In the mid-19th century the factory moved to the site now known as Cable Street Studios, in the 1900s it covered two acres. and employed over 1000 employees. By the end of the 19th Century, Batgers was one of the largest jam and confectionery factories in the world, processing around 2,000 tons of sugar and I,000 tons of fruit each year. Known for its innovative marketing appeals, the company produced a range of products including Silmos Lollies, and Chinese Figs. During the First World War, Batger's supplied the British army with jam. The company moved to South London after the original factory was bombed, and famously continued manufacturing sweets during rationing in the Second World War.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Gallery and fieldnotes - Food Histories of Tower Hamlets</image:title>
      <image:caption>MEREDITH &amp; DREW BISCUIT FACTORY: Meredith and Drew, once the largest biscuit manufacturer in Europe, was founded in 1891, when Meredith Senior and later Meredith Junior joined forces with biscuit maker Drew and Sons. Their biscuits included Digestives, Forget-me-nots, Ginger Nuts, Rob Roys, Creamonas and Victory Creams. After obtaining a Royal Warrant in 1884, the company extended its factory in 1886 on Shadwell High Street, producing mainly for the catering industry.</image:caption>
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